〜ないで

Note

Indicates that the action in the second clause is performed without performing the action in the first clause. It can represent a state of 'without' (carrying no umbrella), a choice of 'instead of' (riding a bus instead of walking), or a manner of action. This form is specific to verbs; for nouns and adjectives, 'nakute' is used instead. For a more formal or literary equivalent, see 'zu ni'.