A particle that marks the topic of a sentence (written は but pronounced 'wa'). It sets the theme or what the sentence is about.
私は学生です。
I am a student.
今日は雨です。
As for today, it's rainy.
この本はとても面白い。
This book is very interesting.
A particle used to indicate contrast with another option (stated or unstated), often translated as '… (as for) X, (but) Y...'.
ビールは飲めるけど、日本酒は苦手です。
I can drink beer, but I'm not good with sake.
彼は行くと言ったが、私は行かない。
He said he'd go, but I won't.
昼は忙しいが、夜は暇です。
I'm busy during the day, but free at night.
A particle used to add emphasis to a phrase—often used to stress contrast, negation, or emotion (e.g. 'そんなことはない').
そんなことはない。
That's not true (emphatic).
暑いは暑いが、海に行きたい。
It's hot, but I still want to go to the beach.
彼が悪いは悪いが、全部彼のせいではない。
He's at fault, yes, but it's not entirely his fault.