もって

Alternative writings: 以て, 以って
JLPT:N1
Frequency:
1

Indicates means or instrument; often used as をもって meaning 'by' or 'by means of'.

ExpressionUsually Kana

Examples

この書類をもって入場を許可します。

Admission will be permitted with this document.

証拠をもって反論したが、受け入れられなかった。

I rebutted with evidence, but it was not accepted.

2

Indicates cause or reason; often in をもって meaning 'because of' or 'due to' (formal/written).

ExpressionUsually Kana

Examples

人手不足をもって、本日の業務は中止となりました。

Due to a lack of staff, today's operations have been canceled.

諸般の事情をもって延期することになりました。

It has been decided to postpone it because of various circumstances.

3

Marks a point in time (as of, effective from); used in formal phrases like 'as of today' (本日をもって).

ExpressionUsually Kana

Examples

本日をもって当店は閉店いたしました。

As of today, this shop has closed.

10月1日をもって新しい料金が適用されます。

The new rates will apply as of October 1.

4

Used occasionally to add emphasis to the preceding statement (somewhat literary/formal).

ExpressionUsually Kana

Examples

彼の研究は深く、もって学界の評価も高い。

His research is profound, and thus he is highly regarded in academia.

5

Used (often as でもって) as a conjunction meaning 'and furthermore' or 'in addition' (colloquial).

ExpressionConjunctionUsually Kana

Examples

彼は英語が話せる、でもって料理も得意だ。

He can speak English, and moreover he is good at cooking.

6

Used to mean 'therefore' or 'hence' to draw a conclusion (formal/old-fashioned).

ExpressionConjunctionUsually Kana

Examples

彼は重い病を負っている、もって出席は叶いませんでした。

He was suffering from a severe illness; therefore he was unable to attend.