To miss getting on transportation (e.g., train, bus, plane) — to fail to board as planned (similar to 'miss' or 'be late for' a vehicle).
今朝は寝坊して始発に乗り損ねた。
I overslept this morning and missed the first train.
バスのドアが閉まっていて、乗り損ねてしまった。
The bus doors were closing and I ended up missing it.
彼は会議の前に電車を乗り損ねて遅刻した。
He missed the train before the meeting and was late.