Refers to the present occasion or the current instance (this time).
今度の会議は重要なので、遅れないでください。
This meeting is important, so please don't be late.
今度は私が払います。
I'll pay this time.
今度の試験範囲を教えてください。
Please tell me the scope of this exam.
Refers to the next time or another occasion; can also mean 'soon' (another/next time).
今度また遊びに来てください。
Please come visit again next time.
今度こそ合格したい。
I want to pass next time for sure.
忙しかったら今度でいいですよ。
If you're busy, another time is fine.
Used to refer to a recent occasion or 'the other day' (recently).
今度、田中さんに会ったときに聞いておきます。
I'll ask Tanaka about it when I met him the other day.
今度行ったレストランはとても良かった。
The restaurant I went to the other day was very good.