To hurt or injure (usually written as 痛める) — to cause physical pain or damage to a body part.
試合で足を痛めて、数週間は歩くのも辛かった。
I injured my leg in the match and it was painful to even walk for several weeks.
冷たい水で手を洗いすぎて、手首を痛めてしまった。
I washed my hands in cold water too much and ended up injuring my wrist.
無理に重いものを持って背中を痛めた。
I hurt my back by lifting something heavy with too much force.
To harm or damage (usually written 傷める) — to spoil, ruin, or impair objects like food, clothing, or equipment.
魚を長時間常温に置くと鮮度を傷めるから注意して。
Be careful — leaving fish at room temperature for a long time will spoil it.
高温でクリームを混ぜると生クリームを傷める可能性がある。
If you whip cream at a high temperature you may damage the fresh cream's texture.
古い布を強くこすったために色を傷めてしまった。
I rubbed the old cloth too hard and ruined its color.
To worry or distress — to cause mental pain or anguish.
彼女のことを思うと胸を痛める日が続いた。
Days continued when thinking about her made my chest ache (I felt distressed).
子どもの将来を考えると親は心を痛めるものだ。
Parents naturally worry and feel distressed when they think about their children's future.
仲間の失敗を聞いて、彼は胸を痛めた。
Hearing about his colleague's failure distressed him.
To cause financial loss — to hit someone's finances or cause monetary pain (e.g., a costly expense).
高額な修理費で懐を痛めることになった。
The expensive repair bill ended up hurting my finances.
留学費用が家計を痛めるのではと心配している。
I'm worried that the cost of studying abroad will strain the family budget.
税金の増加は多くの人の懐を痛めた。
The tax increase hurt many people's finances.