苦しい

くるしい
JLPT:N3
Frequency:
1

Feeling physical pain or experiencing a difficult, strenuous situation; painful or hard to endure.

I-Adjective

Examples

手を火傷して、動かすととても苦しい。

I burned my hand; it hurts a lot when I move it.

試験勉強で毎日苦しい日々が続いている。

I've been going through hard days every day studying for exams.

彼は階段を上ると息が切れて苦しいと言った。

He said he felt breathless and in distress when climbing stairs.

2

Emotionally distressing or psychologically difficult; a stressful or awkward position.

I-Adjective

Examples

彼女とは話が合わず、会うといつも苦しい気持ちになる。

I never get along with her; meeting her always makes me feel uncomfortable.

上司の前で意見を言うのは苦しくて緊張する。

It's stressful and nerve-wracking to voice my opinion in front of the boss.

家計が苦しいので、出費を減らさなければならない。

Our household finances are tight, so we have to cut expenses.

3

Being financially strapped or in a tight situation; having little money and struggling.

I-Adjective

Examples

円安で会社の業績が悪化し、今年は本当に苦しい。

With the weak yen, the company's performance worsened; this year is really tough.

受験に失敗して奨学金もなく、生活が苦しい学生が増えている。

There are more students struggling financially after failing entrance exams and losing scholarship support.

4

Forced, strained, or unconvincing (e.g., an awkward explanation or a forced smile); something that feels far-fetched.

I-Adjective

Examples

彼の言い訳は苦しくて誰も信じなかった。

His excuse was so strained that no one believed it.

彼女の微笑みはどこか苦しく見えた。

Her smile looked somewhat forced.

5

A suffix-like usage attaching to a verb stem or noun to mean 'hard to do' or 'unpleasant' (e.g., 寝苦しい, 見苦しい).

SuffixI-Adjective

Examples

夏は蒸し暑くて寝苦しい夜が続く。

In summer the humid heat continues and nights are hard to sleep in.

汚れた靴は見苦しいので、ちゃんと掃除しなさい。

Dirty shoes look unsightly, so clean them properly.

Word Relationships

Synonyms
Derivations