to misperceive visually; to mistake one thing or person for another; to misread.
遠くから見て人を見間違えた。
From a distance I mistook someone for another person.
暗くて文字を見間違えてしまった。
It was dark and I misread the characters.
彼を兄だと見間違えて声をかけてしまった。
I mistook him for my brother and called out to him.