A demand or claim (for payment, damages, etc.); to bill or request payment. Can also refer to issuing an invoice or making a formal claim.
今月分の電気代が請求されてきた。
This month's electricity bill has been charged/billed.
会社は損害賠償を請求する方針を決めた。
The company decided to pursue a claim for damages.
請求書に記載された期日までに支払ってください。
Please pay by the due date listed on the invoice.