Space, gap, interval or distance between things (physical space or gap).
机と壁の間に本が落ちている。
A book has fallen between the desk and the wall.
2台の車の間をすり抜けるのは危ない。
It’s dangerous to squeeze between two cars.
戸の間に紙が挟まっている。
There’s paper stuck in the gap of the door.
A period of time; during/while; duration (used to indicate when something happens or how long).
授業の間は携帯電話の電源を切ってください。
Please turn off your phones during class.
旅行の間、猫を友達に預けた。
I left my cat with a friend while I was traveling.
会議の間にメモを取る。
I take notes during the meeting.
昼間は暖かく、夜の間に冷える。
It's warm during the day and gets cold at night.
Between (two parties or things) — indicates the relationship or position separating two items or people.
山田さんと田中さんの間に誤解があるようだ。
There seems to be a misunderstanding between Mr. Yamada and Mr. Tanaka.
ドアの間に隙間ができている。
There is a gap between the doors.
2校の間で交換留学が行われる。
An exchange program is held between the two schools.
Among (a group) — used to indicate something happening or existing within a group of people or things.
村人の間でその噂が広まった。
The rumor spread among the villagers.
学生の間でこの本が人気だ。
This book is popular among students.
チームの間で意見が分かれている。
Opinions are divided within the team.
Relations or relationship between parties — used for connections (e.g., diplomatic, personal) between entities.
両国の間の関係は改善してきた。
Relations between the two countries have been improving.
親と子の間の信頼を築くことが大切だ。
It's important to build trust between parents and children.
上司と部下の間のコミュニケーションを増やすべきだ。
There should be more communication between bosses and subordinates.
Midpoint, middle ground, or average — used for a central or compromise position between extremes.
双方の意見の間をとって妥協案を出した。
We took a middle ground between both opinions and proposed a compromise.
中間地点で待ち合わせしよう。駅と大学の間のカフェでどう？
Let's meet at the midpoint. How about the café between the station and the university?
Archaic conjunction meaning 'due to' or 'because of' — an old usage rarely seen in modern Japanese.
古文では『風雨の間、籬は倒れたり』のように、原因を表す用法が見られることがある（現代ではほとんど使われない）。
In classical texts you sometimes see usages like '風雨の間、籬は倒れたり', where it expresses cause (rare in modern Japanese).