Counters
Use specific counters based on shape or category. This page covers pronunciation rules (sound changes), and groups counters into Object Counters (for nouns) and Unit/Abstract Counters.
Pronunciation Rules (Sound Changes)
Occurs with 1, 6, 8, 10.Ex: 1本 (いっぽん), 6匹 (ろっぴき)
Occurs with 3 and "how many" (何).Ex: 3本 (さんぼん), 何本 (なんぼん)
Occurs with 1, 6, 8, 10.Ex: 1回 (いっかい), 6個 (ろっこ)
Occurs with 1, 8, 10.Ex: 1歳 (いっさい), 8冊 (はっさつ)
Master List (Objects)
General
For abstract objects or when no specific counter exists.
Small Objects
For small, round, or compact objects.
People
Counting people.
Long Objects
Cylindrical objects.
Flat Objects
Flat, thin objects.
Cups/Bowls
Cups of drink, bowls of food.
Books
Bound volumes, books, magazines.
Machines
Cars, computers, large mechanical objects.
Portions
Food portions.
Small Animals
Cats, dogs, fish, insects.
Large Animals
Cows, horses, elephants.
Birds / Rabbits
Birds and rabbits.
Footwear
Pairs of shoes, socks.
Houses
Houses, buildings.
Clothes / Arrival Order
Suits, dresses, or order of arrival.
Units & Abstract
Floors
Building floors.
Number / Ordinal Rank
Rank, numbers, order.
Frequency (Times)
Number of times, occurrences.
Age
Years old.