The East; the Orient — referring to Eastern regions and cultures (often East Asia) as contrasted with the West.
東洋医学には鍼灸や漢方が含まれる。
Oriental medicine includes acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine.
東洋と西洋の哲学には違いがある。
There are differences between Eastern and Western philosophies.
東洋美術の展覧会が来月開催される。
An exhibition of Eastern art will be held next month.
A dated usage in which 'Toyo' can refer specifically to Japan (used historically, e.g., in some Chinese contexts).
古い文献では『東洋』が日本を意味することがある。
In older documents, 'Toyo' can sometimes mean Japan.
当時の新聞は『東洋新聞』と名付けられ、日本関係の記事が多かった。
At that time the paper was called 'Toyo Shimbun' and carried many articles about Japan.