To pass or overtake (for example, a car overtaking another vehicle); to go ahead of someone/something in movement.
追い越すときは必ずミラーを確認してください。
Be sure to check your mirrors when you overtake.
前のトラックを追い越したら、左車線に戻りなさい。
After you pass the truck in front of you, return to the left lane.
雨の日は追い越すのが危険だ。
It's dangerous to overtake on rainy days.
To surpass or outstrip (someone or something) in performance, ability, amount, etc.; to get ahead of.
新入社員が短期間で先輩を追い越すことは珍しい。
It's rare for a new employee to surpass a senior in a short time.
今年の売上は競合他社を追い越した。
This year's sales have outstripped those of our competitors.
彼女は努力で兄を学力で追い越した。
She surpassed her brother academically through hard work.