Verb Causative-Passive Form
Expression used when someone is forced to do an action against their will.
What is the Causative-Passive Form?
The Causative-Passive Form combines the Causative (making someone do something) and the Passive (action being done to someone). It is most commonly used to express that you were forced or made to do something that you didn't want to do.
Conjugation Rules
To form the causative-passive, we start from the causative form and change it to the passive ending.
For most Group I verbs, change the final -u to -a and add -される. Verbs ending in -su are an exception (see below).
| Dictionary Form | Causative-Passive |
|---|---|
く / ぐ / つ / ぬ / ぶ / む / る → あ段 + される | |
待つまつ | 待たされるまたされる |
帰るかえる | 帰らされるかえらされる |
飲むのむ | 飲まされるのまされる |
死ぬしぬ | 死なされるしなされる |
遊ぶあそぶ | 遊ばされるあそばされる |
書くかく | 書かされるかかされる |
泳ぐおよぐ | 泳がされるおよがされる |
う → わされる | |
買うかう | 買わされるかわされる |
| Exception: す → せられる | |
話すはなす | 話させられるはなさせられる |
Conjugation Examples
- I was made to wait for an hour.
1時間も待たされました。
- I was forced to drink a lot of juice.
ジュースをたくさん飲まされました。
- I was forced to sing a song.
歌を歌わされました。
Expressing Forced Action
In a causative-passive sentence, the person who forces the action is marked with に.[Speaker] は [Person] に [Verb-Causative-Passive]
Examples
- I was made to wait for 30 minutes by my friend.
私は友達に30分も待たされました。
- I was forced to sing at the karaoke by my boss.
上司にカラオケで歌わされました。
- I was made to clean the house by my mother.
母に家を掃除させられました。